Valuable data to consider before you get penetrated by swabs and more information on the topic. Originally aired here: Aplanetruth5 YT channel.

Hydrogel nanoparticles and nanocomposites for nasal drug/vaccine delivery

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12272-016-0782-0

Mucosal vaccines and technology

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468177/

However, the rapid mucociliary clearance of the drug-loaded nanoparticles can cause a reduction in bioavailability percentage after intranasal administration. Thus, research efforts have considerably been directed towards the development of hydrogel nanosystems which have mucoadhesive properties in order to maximize the residence time, and hence increase the period of contact with the nasal mucosa and enhance the drug absorption.